Why Are Public Figures So Lousy at Apologies?

It has to do with belittlement: an audience's feeling of being dissed, and its desire to see the culprit shrink. The problem is, big stars don't want to become little planets. 

So how does a bigshot--or you, for that matter--apologize without shrinking? Follow these steps:

  1. Own up to the mistake. Tell the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth.
  2. Focus on your emotions, not how you hurt someone else. Say how bad you feel about screwing up.
  3. Show how your mistake was an exception to the rule. You're a great, thoughtful person who temporarily lapsed.
  4. Promise improvement and show what you're going to do to fix any remaining problems.

Here's a video I did with details.

How to Talk Politics without Losing Your Mind

This campaign season is the craziest since Robert Redford ran for President. Or was that just a movie? Hard to tell the difference these days. The good news is, you can actually have a political disagreement without wanting to throw yourself into the Potomac. I call the technique Aggressive Interest.

 Instead of arguing against your crazy uncle’s stupid, witless, fact-free opinion, look really really interested. Then ask for three things:

1. Definitions.

Ask him to define every term. “What do you mean by ‘illegals’? What exactly is this wall? What does ‘sending a message’ entail? Who gets this message?

2. Details.

Ask for facts—numbers, trends (“Great anecdote, but how exactly is the problem getting worse nationally?”), cost, predicted impact, laws that would need changing.

3. Sources.

“That’s amazing! I had no idea 5 million Islamicist Mexican rapists crossed the border every day! Where did you get this information? From a reputable think tank? A government agency? A peer-reviewed journal?” (Try to be careful not to sound sarcastic here.)

What can you expect from Aggressive Interest? People asked to drill down into definitions, details and sources often end up modifying their opinion on the fly. “Well, maybe not 5 million a day, and not all are rapists, and they’re not terrorists exactly…”)

Over the longer term, your eager questions may plant a grain of doubt in the oyster of their mind, giving them just a bit of itchy doubt. Thinking about definitions, details and sources destabilizes opinions over time. In other words, you mess with your uncle’s beer-saturated mind.

Besides, if all else fails, your questions are bound to drive the guy crazy. Which, in a mean-spirited way, constitutes a win. For you.

Here’s a video I made on the technique. Try it and let me know what you think.

 

Orational Thought

I've been on a 20-year mission to revive rhetoric among selective colleges, with mixed success. While Thank You for Arguing is among the top 10 books assigned at Harvard, my own alma mater, Middlebury College, has been a little slower. 

The good news is, an indomitable theater professor is leading the charge. If you're interested in bringing rhetoric to your own school, follow what this guy is doing. 

Read the story about Dana Yeaton here.

The Miasma

While I enjoyed all the convention speeches, the really powerful rhetoric has been lurking in all the background noise. Effective persuasion isn’t noticeable as persuasion. It tends to skid and honk like traffic outside your window, and you can only detect individual sounds when you pay attention.

The sound you should listen for most in this election is that of a candidate attacking on his own weakness.

Are you a draft dodger running for office? Have a PAC accuse your opponent of cowardice. Been unfaithful to your spouses? Attack the other for infidelity. Not really up on your Bible? Hint at your opponent’s alleged Moslem sympathies. Caught in a series of fabrications? Call your opponent a liar. Hiding something in your taxes or emails? Attack your opponent for cover-ups.

It’s fine to do this in a speech. Far better to release these attacks over and over, like a noxious gas leak, until they surround your opponent like a miasma.

I loved the speeches. But the miasma is where the real dark art lies.

How Do You Deal with a Political Friend?

A friend just emailed asking what to do with a professional colleague who can’t get a job. A talented guy, he likes to blog and tweet against about political correctness and coddled minorities. He thinks “diversity” is a form of bigotry, women can’t take a joke, and “anchor babies” sneer at the 14th amendment.  All this would probably get him a shot at the White House. But he’s not applying for that job.

My pal spent hours trying to help him. “His career is in a tailspin, but he won’t accept the fact that all his outbursts on social media are a big reason.” Finally, my friend gave up. “What would you have done?” he asked.

As someone who writes books on persuasion, I often get asked about political friends—people who take the First Amendment as a license to be rude. Actually, it is; you have the constitutional right to hurt people’s feelings. But other people have the right to think you’re a jerk, even when you’re not. Hardly a great qualification for employment.

Here’s what I try to explain to people who think they should say whatever they want and that the world should hire them anyway.

It’s still a free country.

Employers reasonably want to avoid spending five days a week working with an overly opinionated person, especially one who might be bad for business.

Every job application is a sales job.

To sell anything—including yourself—you need to persuade. That means starting with your audience’s beliefs and expectations, and using those beliefs to guide them toward the choice you want.

Persuasion starts with fitting in.

A guy who hurts the feelings of people he may end up working with—including African Americans, Hispanics, and women—probably won’t fit in. Geek alert: the Latin for “fitting in” is decorum. In rhetoric, the art of persuasion, decorum means being suited to your environment. It’s like planting a rubber tree in the Sahara. The tree will fail to fit in, and so it will die. If you tweet objectionable things about people you’re trying to work with, you’re a rubber tree.

This isn’t about rights. It’s about your career drying up.

But wait, you’re not racist or sexist!

Good for you. The problem is, persuasion is all about what your audience thinks. If an employer finds you a jerk, saying “I’m not an jerk” will probably fail to persuade her.

There’s political correctness, and then there’s being rude.

People who yell at you for eating the wrong fish in a restaurant are being rude. Similarly, people who have a hissy fit when you wish them a happy holiday instead of the conservatively correct “Merry Christmas” are also being rude.

The rules change over time and with different groups. In 1939, when my mother saw “Gone with the Wind,” the audience was shocked at Rhett Butler’s “Frankly, my dear, I don’t give a damn.” Cursing in a movie! But then, my mother had to sit in the balcony because the family’s African-American cook had brought her: no “Negroes” allowed in the good seats.

Society gets ruder in some ways, more polite in others. Call these changing rules “political correctness” if you want. But to get a job, you need to know the rules of employers. Go ahead and say whatever truths pop up in your head. But don’t expect to be rewarded with a job.

No, free speech isn’t dead.

Nobody is going to prosecute you for being a jerk on social media. So here’s what I would say to my friend’s colleague: “Hey, I admire you for standing up for your principles. You’re a real martyr for your cause!”

And then I’d remind him that McDonald’s is hiring.